Homo sapiens — Premodern Concordance

Candidate findings

What the corpus suggests

Patterns synthesized only from the linked claims below. Each remains a research lead, not a substitute for reading the passages.

recurrence

Human physical fragility and dependence

Multiple passages emphasize the inherent vulnerability and helplessness of humans at birth, noting their reliance on external aid.

supports · Carl Linnaeus, 1758

Nudum in nuda humo, natali die, abjecit fiatura ad vagitus Jiatim & ploratum, manibus pedibusque devinciendum Ani- j/ial cateris imperaturum; cui fcire nihil fcne doclrina: nonfari, non ingre- di, non vefci, non aliud natura fponte

Systema Naturae →

supports · Carl Linnaeus, 1758

fed. fragile , nudum , fuapte natura inerme, ad omnem fortunce contumeliam projectum, alienoe opis indigens

Systema Naturae →

supports · Carl Linnaeus, 1758

Nulli vita fragilior ; nulli tot Morbi, tot Cura, tot Pericula.

Systema Naturae →

recurrence

Anatomical characterization of human posture and hair

Linnaeus consistently describes the human body as being defined by an erect posture and a specific, sparse distribution of body hair.

supports · Carl Linnaeus, 1758

Differt itaque a reliquis Corpore erecto nudo, at pilofo Capite, Superciliis, Ciliisque, tandem Pube, Axillis, Maribusque Mento.

Systema Naturae →

supports · Carl Linnaeus, 1758

CORPUS ere£tum, nudum, Pilis raris remotiffimis ad- fperfum, fubfexpedale

Systema Naturae →

sense shift

Evolution of human biological status

The definition of Homo sapiens shifts from a static, divinely created entity in 1758 to a dynamic, heterogeneous, and evolving biological subject in the 19th century.

supports · Carl Linnaeus, 1758

7 HOMO fapiens. creatorum operum perfectiffimum , ultimum & fummum

Systema Naturae →

supports · Herbert Spencer, 1862

it is clearly enough displayed in the progress of the latest and most heterogeneous creature—Man.

First Principles →

qualification

Human wisdom versus social influence

While Linnaeus characterizes humans as the most wise, Seneca's perspective qualifies this by noting that human behavior is often governed by social custom rather than reason.

qualifies · Carl Linnaeus, 1758

Cum gubernatus Opi- nione vivas ad Confvetudinem, nec ad Rationem

Systema Naturae →

qualifies · Carl Linnaeus, 1758

Animalium Principem, cujus cauffa cuncta genuit natura, effe animal flens, ridens, melodum, loquens, docile , judicans , admirans , fapientiffimum

Systema Naturae →

Names and forms

Term history

Homo sapienspreferred labelSuggested

Meanings in context

Senses in this corpus

Linnaean taxonomic classification

The human species formally categorized within the Linnaean system as Homo sapiens.

1 passage

Anatomical and physiological description

Detailed technical accounts of the human body structure, physical features, and biological organization.

4 passages

Philosophical and theological status

The human species defined by its moral, rational, and divine significance within the natural order.

4 passages

Evolutionary and historical biological entity

The human species viewed as a subject of biological history, development, or future evolutionary change.

2 passages

Non-human biological reference

The use of the term human in a taxonomic context to describe non-human organisms associated with humans.

1 passage

Analyzed source evidence

Historical usages and claims

Distinct local senses and assertions recovered from the corpus. Quotations retain the source OCR and link to the full passage and scan.

The human species described as the most perfect and final creation of God on Earth.

HOMO fapiens. creatorum operum perfectiffimum , ultimum & fummum, in Telluris cortice, Majeftatis Divinae ftupendis indiciis obte6lo, conftitutus

Homo sapiens is identified as the most perfect and final work of creation.

asserts · observation · classification

Humans are established to contemplate the majesty of the Creator through the study of nature.

asserts · reasoning · function use

The human species is categorized within the class Mammalia, sharing anatomical features like beards with other mammals.

Mentum Barba (Homini, Simiae, Caprae)

Humans are classified as Mammalia.

asserts · observation · classification

Humans, like other mammals, possess a chin and beard.

asserts · observation · property

The human species classified as Homo sapiens within the Linnaean taxonomic system.

i. HOMO nofce Te ipfum. (*) Sapiens

Linnaeus classifies humans within the order Primates.

asserts · observation · classification

Humans are characterized by their ability to vary based on culture and location.

asserts · observation · property

A physiological and philosophical description of the human condition, fragility, and nature.

e : Te contextum Nervis, intertextum Fibris, Machina tenella, fed adolefcente in perfectiffimam, facultatibus inftructam fere omnibus pluri- busque, quam reliqua cuncla

Humans are physically fragile and helpless at birth compared to other animals.

asserts · observation · property

Human life is characterized by extreme fragility and susceptibility to many diseases and dangers.

asserts · observation · property

The human species described as a miraculous, rational, and social animal, central to nature's purpose.

Naturalitcr: Te audacis naturce miraculum, Animalium Principem, cujus cauffa cuncta genuit natura, effe animal flens, ridens, melodum, loquens, docile , judicans , admirans , fapientiffimum

Humans are classified as the prince of animals and the most wise.

asserts · observation · classification

Humans are characterized by their fragility and dependence on others despite their wisdom.

asserts · observation · property

The human being as a mortal, self-deluding creature subject to social custom and divine creation.

at in agone oculos aperiens (av&QWTTOg) fomnium primo obfervas

Humans live under the influence of social custom and opinion rather than reason.

asserts · reasoning · property

A detailed anatomical and physiological description of the human body as a biological organism.

CORPUS ere£tum, nudum, Pilis raris remotiffimis ad- fperfum, fubfexpedale

The human body is characterized by an upright posture and sparse hair distribution.

asserts · observation · property

Humans are categorized by specific anatomical features including head shape, facial structure, and limb morphology.

asserts · observation · classification

Detailed anatomical description of the human body structure, including torso, limbs, and external features.

TRUNCUS conftans Collo, Thorace, Dorfo, Ab- domine. Collum teretiufculum, capite brevius ; Cervicis Nucha con- cava; Gula fupra concava, medio fubtus gibba

The human body is composed of a neck, thorax, back, and abdomen.

asserts · observation · property

Human hands have five digits, with the thumb being distinct and shorter.

asserts · observation · property

Description of the physical characteristics distinguishing the human species from other animals.

Differt itaque a reliquis Corpore erecto nudo, at pilofo Capite, Superciliis, Ciliisque, tandem Pube, Axillis, Maribusque Mento.

Humans are distinguished from other animals by their erect posture and specific distribution of body hair.

asserts · observation · classification

The human head contains the largest brain of all animals.

asserts · observation · property

The human louse, Pediculus humanus, described as inhabiting human heads and clothing.

P. humanus.

The human louse is found on human heads and clothing.

asserts · observation · origin distribution

The human species as the most heterogeneous creature in the biological history of the globe.

it is clearly enough displayed in the progress of the latest and most heterogeneous creature—Man.

The human species is characterized as the most heterogeneous creature in biological history.

asserts · reasoning · property

The human species has become more heterogeneous through the multiplication and differentiation of races.

asserts · reasoning · mechanism

The human species as a biological entity subject to future evolutionary or developmental change.

So that, if the homo sapiens of the future can only digest his food and think, what need will he have of well-developed muscles at all?

The future human species will rely more on mental power and less on physical strength.

asserts · reasoning · property

Related, not identical

Adjacent histories

Passages worth comparing without treating their subjects as names or senses of this entry.

Linnaeus distinguishes the Troglodytes species from Homo sapiens despite their physical similarity.

Spcciem Troglodytse ab Homine fapiente diftinctiffimam, nec noftri generis il- lam nec fangvinis effe, ftatura quamvis fimillimam, dubium non eft

The Troglodytes species is distinct from Homo sapiens and does not belong to the same genus or bloodline.

denies · reasoning · identity

The presence of a nictitating membrane in the Troglodytes proves it is not a variety of human.

asserts · observation · property

A comparison of anatomical features between monkeys and humans to highlight their physical similarity.

Simia quam iimilis turpiffima beftia nobis Ennius: quod Simiae Mammse, Uvu- la, Uterus, Cilia, Mufculi Loquelse, Ungves hominis funt

Monkeys share several anatomical features with humans.

asserts · observation · property

Monkeys lack certain anatomical structures found in humans.

denies · observation · property

The ox (Bos) is described as a useful animal for human agricultural labor.

Mugiens boansque Bos : Tauro , Vacca , Vitulo , homini utiliffimus pro agris lcetificandis , colendis fub jugo

The ox is highly useful to humans for agricultural tasks like plowing.

asserts · observation · function use

The human species as a host for the parasite Pediculus pubis.

Habitat in Hominis immundi pube

The parasite Pediculus pubis is found on the human body.

asserts · observation · origin distribution

Primary-source evidence

Full passages, chronologically

Systema NaturaeCarl Linnaeus, 1758

Suggested

(g) Senec. (h) Senec. III: 1U. (i) Sencc. III: 29. (k) Senec. (1) Scnec. VJI: 27. 1MPERIUM NATUR/E. 7 HOMO fapiens. creatorum operum perfectiffimum , ultimum & fummum, in Telluris cortice, Majeftatis Divinae ftupendis indiciis obte6lo, conftitutus, fecundum fenfus judicans artifi- cium, admirans pulchritudinem, veneraturus Auftorem. Re- trogrediendo per generationes multiplicatas videt Creatorem; Progrediendo per confervationem multiplicandam videt Na- turam: ad utrumque invitant Pulchritudo, Mechanifmus. Nexus, Fines, Commoda. Sic totus Mundus gloria divina plenus cft (m), dum omnia creata opera Dcum glorificant per kominem (n), qui ex inerti humo, Dei manu vivificata contem- platur auftoris fui Majeftatem ex fine creationis, dignus ho- fpes conftitutus Summi Entis praeco. Hac contemplatio Natura' cvadit pro?fentia voluptatis caleftis , ettjits particeps Animits in Ittee obambulat & tamquam in terreftri ceelo vitam degit (o) ; Nec pietas adverfus DEitm, nec quanta Iittic gratia debea- tur, jine explicatione Naturoz intelligi poteft (p). SAPIENTIA, divinas particula aurae, fummum eft attributum Hominis Sapientis. Primus Sapientiae gradus eft res ipfas noffe. Notitia confiftit in vera idea objectorum, qua fimilia a diffimi- libus diftingvuntur notis propriis, a Creatore rebus infcriptis ; hanc notitiam ut cum aliis communicet, nomina propria non confundenda fingulis diverfis imponat; Nomina enim fi pe- reunt, perit&rerum cognitio. Haec literae elementaque erunt. quibus deftitutus nemo naturam legerit; qvum iguorato gene- re proprio, uulla defcriptio quamvis accttrate tradita, ccrtum demonftret, fed plerumque fallit (q) .

Systema NaturaeCarl Linnaeus, 1758

Suggested

Nares) . Tegmenta interdum calcarea vel nulla, nifi Spinae. Fulcra : nulli Pedes aut Pinnae. Terribilia funt opera Tua DOMINE, In multitudine virtutis Tuse, Te metientur inimici Tui. CLASSIS I. M A M M A L I A. MAMMALIA hac & nulla alia mammata Animalia, ex ftructura, vifceribus, organis homini proxima, pleraque Qua- dntpcdia. nobiscum Continentem inhabitant. tanquam inter hoftes atrociffimos , dum pauca Hnnata intra Pelagum fe fubducunt. VESTITUS Ouadrupedium e Pilis flexilibus, molliffimis, di- ftinctis, injuriae minus obnoxiis; iisque fertilioribus in frigidis quam aeftuantibus terris. Hi vero Pili in Aculeos coaliti (Eri- naceo. Hyftricibus) , aculei explanati in Squamas (Mani), fquamae coadunatae in Scutum (Dafypis) ; at pilorum vellus faepe diftinctum Sitturis (Cani, Equo), quae elongatae \r\Jtt- bam (Equo, Sui) ; Sed Aquatica mtda evafere, ne madefie- rent, nifi in terram exire aliquando neceffe habeant. Prae- terea Facies faepe Verrucis, Labia Vibriffis, Mentum Barba (Homini, Simiae, Caprae) & Pedes Callis non raro notata funt.

Systema NaturaeCarl Linnaeus, 1758

Suggested

29. Mofchus ecornis dentibus laniariis folitariis : fuperio- ribus exfertis. 30. Cervus Cornua folida, ramofa, decidua. 3 1 . Capra Cornua tubulofa erecla. 32. Ovis Cornua tubulofa reclinata. 33. Bos Cornua tubulofa porrecla. VII. BELLU/E. 34. Eqvus Dentes primores approximati. 3 5 . Hippopotamus Dentes primores difiantes. VIII. CETE. 36. Monodon Dens in maxilla fuperiore exfertus. 37. Balaena Dentes cornei in maxilla fuperiore. 38. Phyfeter Dentes in maxilla tantum inferiore. 39. Delphinus Dentes in utraque maxilla. B 2 I. PRI- I. PRIMATES. Dentes Primores fiiperiores IV, paralleli. Mammce Peclorales II i. HOMO nofce Te ipfum. (*) Sapiens. i. H. diurnus; varians cultura, loco. Ferus. tetrapus, mutus, hirfutus. Juvenis Urfinus lithuanus. 1661. Juvenis Lupinus hejfenfis. 1344. Juvenis Ovinus hibernus. Tulp. obf. IV: 9. Juvenis Hannoveranus . Pueri 2 Pyrenaici. 17 19. fohannes Leodicenfis. America- a. rufus, cholericus, re6tus. nus. Pilis nigris, re6lis, craffis ; Naribus patulis ; Facie ephe- litica, Mento fubimberbi. Pertinax, hilaris, liber. Pingit fe lineis daedaleis rubris. Regititr Confvetudine. (*) Nosse Se Ipsum gradus eft primus fapientise, dictumque Solonis , quon- dam fcriptum litteris aureis fupra Diancc Templum. Muf. ADOLPH. FRID. Prafat.

Systema NaturaeCarl Linnaeus, 1758

Suggested

Phyfiologice : Te contextum Nervis, intertextum Fibris, Machina tenella, fed adolefcente in perfectiffimam, facultatibus inftructam fere omnibus pluri- busque, quam reliqua cuncla. Nudum in nuda humo, natali die, abjecit fiatura ad vagitus Jiatim & ploratum, manibus pedibusque devinciendum Ani- j/ial cateris imperaturum; cui fcire nihil fcne doclrina: nonfari, non ingre- di, non vefci, non aliud natura fponte. Plin. Vides itaque qualem vitam no- bis rerum natura promift, quce primum nafcentium omen flctum effe voluit. Seneca. Dicetetice: Te fanitate & tranquillitate, fi noveris, felicem: Moderatis confer- vandum, Nimiis deftruendum, Variatis afficiendum, Infvetis frangendum, Confvetis indurandum ; polyphagum Culina inftrudliffima, per errores gra- tiffima, igne vinoque horrenda. Parvo fames conflat, tnagno faflidium. Seneca. Pathologice : Te tumidam usque dum crepueris bullam, piloque pendulam in pundlo fugientis temporis. Nihil enim homine imbecillius terra alit. Homer. Nulli vita fragilior ; nulli tot Morbi, tot Cura, tot Pericula. Breve univerfum utique a>vi tempus : Pars aqua morti funilis exigitur; nec reputantur Infantim anni, qui fenfu carent ; nec Senecla: in poenam vivaces: hebcfcunt Senfus, tor- peni Mtmbra, pramoriuntur Vifus, Auditus, Inceffus, Dentes, Ciborum in- flrumenta. Plin. Sic niagna pars tnortis jatn pra-teriit, quidquid cetatis rctro efl Mors tenet. Totum denique hunc, quem vides populum, quousque cogitas ejfe ; cito natura rcvocavit dr5 condet ; Mors otnnes aque vocat; iratis Diis pro- pitiisque moriendum Senec. II: 59.

Systema NaturaeCarl Linnaeus, 1758

Suggested

Euro- (3. albus, fanguineus, torofus. peeus. P/lis flavefcentibus prolixis. Oculis caeruleis. Zevis, acutiffimus, inventor. Tegitur Veftimentis arclis. Rcgitur Ritibus. Afiati- y. luridus, melancholicus, rigidus. cus. Pilis nigricantibus. Oculis fufcis. Sevcrus. faftuofus, avarus. Tegitur Indumentis laxis. Regitur Opinionibus. B 3 0. ni- Naturalitcr: Te audacis naturce miraculum, Animalium Principem, cujus cauffa cuncta genuit natura, effe animal flens, ridens, melodum, loquens, docile , judicans , admirans , fapientiffimum ; fed. fragile , nudum , fuapte natura inerme, ad omnem fortunce contumeliam projectum, alienoe opis indigens, anxise mentis follicitseque tutelse, precarii fpiritus, pertinacis fpei, querulte vitse, tardae fapientire. Temporis annihilati emortui con- temtorem, prsefentis vividi dilapidatorem. futuri dubii seftimatorem in vita volucri, pretiofiffnna, irrevocabili ; fic optima qureque dies miferis mor- talibus sevi prima fugit; alium ad quotidianum opus laboriofa Egeftas vocat; alium Luxus incarcerat, altilemque fuffocat; alium Ambitio num- quam quieta follicitat; alius Divitiis, quas optaverat, metuit, & voto la- borat fuo ; alium Solitudo, alium femper veftibulum obtidens turba. Hic fe habere dolet Liberos, hic fe perdidiffe ; Lacrymse nobis deerunt antequam cauffte dolendi. Sed quousque nos malos noftra mala rapuere: circumferre pericula, ruere in ignotos, iratos fme injuria, ferarum more occidere quem non oderimus, fecundos optare ventos, quorum felicitas eft ad bella perferre; parum videlicet ad mortes noftras terra late patet. Scnec. Ccetcra animantia congrcgari contra dijfimilia, at Homini plurima ex ho- minc mala. Plin.

Systema NaturaeCarl Linnaeus, 1758

Suggested

Politice: Te recli loco tenere errorem publicum faclum, qui te vix enixum confvetudinis larva induit, nutrit, educat, alit, regit, fecundum quam honeftus, fortis, fapiens, moratus, pius exiftimaris ; Cum gubernatus Opi- nione vivas ad Confvetudinem, nec ad Rationem. Te, inter perituros conftitutum, cum nulli contigit impune nafci, beneficii loco petere, nt ulrimus cervicem pnebeas, dum interim, dulci fortuna ebrius, colligen- do in craftinum Lapillos fortunee certas, verbis in furorem ageris, aliter theoretice pios odio perfequeris, quantosque tumultus excitas, non ut fer- vias, fed cui ; nugis irrevocabile tempus confumis ; immortalia ^ternaque animo volutas, de feris nepotibus pronepotibusque difponis, novas fpes oblitus conditionis Tua; ponis, dum interea longa conantem mors op- primit, at in agone oculos aperiens (av&QWTTOg) fomnium primo obfervas; Sic vivimus ut immortalcs &* morimur tit mortales. Senec. Moralitcr: Te fub rudi larva Ineptum, Lafcivum, Imitatorem, Ambitiofum, Prodigum, Solicitum, Aftutum, Aufterum, Invidum, Avarum, transforma- ri in Attentum, Caftum, Confideratum, Modeftum, Sobriunv, Tranquil- lum, Sincerum, Mitem, Beneficum, fuis Contentum. Uni animantium Afer. 8. niger, phlegmaticus, laxus. Pllis atris, contortuplicatis. Cute holofericea. Nafo fi- mo. Labiis tumidis. Feminis finus pudoris ; Mammce lactantes prolixse. Vafer, fegnis, negligens. Ungit fe pingui. Regitur Arbitrio. Monflro-z. folo (a) arte (b, c). fus. a. Alpini parvi, agiles, timidi. Patagonici magni, fegnes.

Systema NaturaeCarl Linnaeus, 1758

Suggested

b. Monorchides ut minus fertiles: Hottentotti. Juncece puellae abdomine attenuato: Europaese. c. Macrocephali capite conico : Chinenfes. Plagiocephali capite antice compreffo: Canadenfes. Habitat inter Tropicos fponte gratisque; per reliquam Telluris totam continentem coaffe. CORPUS ere£tum, nudum, Pilis raris remotiffimis ad- fperfum, fubfexpedale. CAPUT obovatum: Pileus pilofus: Sincipite obtufo, Vertice obtufiffimo, Occipite gibbofo. Facies nuda: Frons planiufcula, quadrata, Temporihis compreffa, angulis finu intra Pileum adfcendens. Su- percilia prominula pilis extrorfum imbricatis, inter- ftincta Glabella planiufcula. Palpebra fuperior mobilis, inferior quieta; utraque Ciliis exftantibus fubrecurvatis pectinata. Oculi rotundi : Pupilla orbiculata. Gence gibbse, molliufculae, coloratae. Malce compreffiufculae, uti Buccce laxiores. Nafus prominens, labio brevior, compreffus,apice altior gibbofiorque:iVrt:r/^ovalibus, intus Luclus, Luxuria, Ambitio, Avaritia, Vivendique cupido ; curat atque etjam poft fe de futuro. Plin. Theologice : Te ultimum finem creationis ; In Telluris globum, omnipotentis magiflerium, introduc"lum ; ratione fa- piente, fecundum fenfus concludente, mundi contemplatorem ; ut ex ope- re agnofceres Creatorem omnipotentem, omnifcium, immenfum & fempi- ternum DEum. (Ccetera revelata a Tlieologis cxplicanda.) Duo namque funt qua: in cognitionem DEi ducunt, Creatio &* Scriptura. Auguftinus. D E US itaque Natura cognofccndus, dein Doclrina recognofcendus. Tcrtullian. Hottio folus DEum contemplatur, Natura 6° Revelationis eundem Auclorcm: quem te DEus ejfe jufftt, &° humana qua parte locatus es in re, difce. Perf. LIl : 71.

Systema NaturaeCarl Linnaeus, 1758

Suggested

intus hirtis, margine craffiufculo. Labhcm fuperius fub- perpendiculare, Lacuna exaratum ; Labium inferius e- re6tiufculum, magis gibbum. Mcntum prominens, obtu- fum, gibbofum. Aures laterales: Auriculoz rotundato- lunatae, appreffiufculae, nudae, fupra margine fornicatae ; infra gibbofae, molles. TRUNCUS conftans Collo, Thorace, Dorfo, Ab- domine. Collum teretiufculum, capite brevius ; Cervicis Nucha con- cava; Gula fupra concava, medio fubtus gibba. Thorax antice pofticeque depreffiufculus. Peclus planiufcu- lum, Jugulo excavato, Axillis concavis barbatis, Scrobi- culo planiore. Mammce duae, pectorales, diftantes, gib- bae, rotundatae : Papilla cylindrica, obtufa, rugofa. Dorfum Tergo planiufculo, Humcris exftantibus, Interfca- pulio depreffo. Abdomen gibbum , laxum : Umbilico excavato , Epiga- Jlrio planiore, Hypogaflrio gibbofiore, Hypochondriis ro- tundatis, Ingiiinibus planiufculo-concavis. Pubis regio barbata. Genitalia exferta: Pene cylindrico, Scroto fub- rotundo, rugofo cute laxa, futura longitudinali per Perinceum excurrente ; f. Vulva gibba, compreffiufcula. Anus retractus. ARTUS ex Manibus loco pedum anteriorum & Pedibus pofterioribus. Manuum Armi divaricati, craffiufculi, teretes, longitudine pedum. Cubitus obtufo-prominulus. Lacertce craffitie armorum, teretes, introrfum planiores. Palmoz rotun- datae, dilatatae, planse, extus convexae; Vola concava; Digiti V: Pollex remotus , brevior, craffior. Digiti 2, 3, 4, 5 approximati, horum 5 minor reliquis, dein 2, 4. fed 3 paulo longior. Ungues omnibus rotundati, plano-convexi, lunula pallida.

Systema NaturaeCarl Linnaeus, 1758

Suggested

Pedum Femora approximata, Lumbis mufculofis, Natibus gibbis, carnofis, Genubus antrorfum verfis, obtufiffimis, fubtus concavis. Crura longitudine femorum, poftice mufculofo-ventricofa, inferne anguftiora, antice macra. Calcanei Talis infiftentes, prominuli, gibbi : Malleolis lateralibus, utrinque oppofitis,hemifphaericis, duriufculis. PlantcB oblongae, fupra convexiufculae, fubtus planae, transverfe concavae. DigitiV: omnes incurvi, fubtus gibbi, approximati. Pollex craffior, brevior; 2, 3 fub- aequales, 4, 5 decrefcentes ; ultimo minimo. Ungues ut in Manibus omnes. B 4 Dif- Differt itaque a reliquis Corpore erecto nudo, at pilofo Capite, Superciliis, Ciliisque, tandem Pube, Axillis, Maribusque Mento. Feminis Nymphae & Clitoris; Mammae 2 pe&orales. Caput Cerebro omnium ma- ximo; Uvula; Facies abdomini parallela, nuda; Nafo prominente, compreffo, breviore; Mento prominente. Cauda nulla. Pedes Talis incedentes. Troglo-2.H. nocturnus (*). dytes. Homo fylveftris Orang Outang. Bont. jav. 84. t. 84. Kakurlacko. Kjcep. itin. c. 86. Dalin. orat. 5. Habitat in /Ethiopiae contcrminis (Plin.), in Javae, Amboinae, Ternateae fpeluncis. Corpus album, inceffu ereclum, nojlro dimidio minus. Pili albi, contortuplicati. Oculi orbiculati: iride pu- pillaque aurea. Palpebrae antice incumbentes cum Mem- brana niclitante. Vifus lateralis, noclurnus. Aetas XXV annorum. Die ccecutit, latet; No6tu videt, exit, furatur. Loquitur fibilo ; Cogitat, credit fui cauffa faclatn tellurem, fe aliquando iterum fore im- perantem, fi fides peregrinatoribus.

Systema NaturaeCarl Linnaeus, 1758

Suggested

2. SI- *) Gcnus Troglodytce ab Homine diilinchim, adhibita quamvis omni attentio- ne, obtinere non porui, nifi affumerem notam lubricam, in aliis generi- bus non conftantem. Nec Dentes laniarii, minime a reliquis remoti; nec Nymph.se Caffrse, quibus carent Simise, hunc ad fnnias reducere admittebant. Inquirant autoptse in vivo, qua ratione, modo notoe aliquce exiftant, ab hominis Genere feparari queat, nam ititer ftmias verfatttcm opor- tet effe fitniam. Apollodor. Spcciem Troglodytse ab Homine fapiente diftinctiffimam, nec noftri generis il- lam nec fangvinis effe, ftatura quamvis fimillimam, dubium non eft, ne ita- que varietatem credas, quam vel fola Membrana nictitans abfolute negat. Afri Pilos contortuplicatos, quamvis albos, in hoc miratus fum, collatis im- primis Varietatum cauffis in Plantis , in Pullo Gallinaceo, nec tamen quidquam de Mauris albis ex nigris ftatui. Prceadamitas nec dixi hos Troglodytas Plinii, quamvis nos ultimum fimus Creationis opus. Homo caudatus hirfutus. Maupcrt. epifl. 7. Kiop. it. 79. Bont. jav. 85, an Aldr. digit. 249 ? incola orbis antarclici, nobis ignotus, ideoque utrum ad Ho- minis aut Simise genus pertineat, non determino. Mirum quod ignem ex- citet, carnesque affet, quamvis & crudas voret teftimonio Peregrinantium. 2. SIMIA. Dentes Primores IV, approximati. Lcmiarii folitarii, longiores hinc remoti. Molares obtufi. Caitda nttlla: Simiae vctcrum.